Integrated circuit (IC) linear voltage regulators use an active pass element to reduce the input voltage to the regulated output voltage. Some devices use bipolar transistors and others use metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETS). The use of voltage-controlled sources enables IC linear voltage regulators to force a fixed voltage to appear at the output terminal. Control circuitry monitors the output voltage and adjusts the current source accordingly. Generally, the control circuitry contains a pass device such as pair of NPN transistors driven by a PNP transistor. NPN transistors contain a P region between two N regions. PNP transistors contain an N region between two P regions.