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Modem Form Factor
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Internal
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An internal modem is a computer card that is attached to the computer through a slot.
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External
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An external modem is a module that is connected to the system by means of a physical port.
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Device Type:
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Telephone (PSTN) Modem
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Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) refers to the international telephone system based on copper wires carrying analog voice data. This is in contrast to newer telephone networks based on digital technologies, such as ISDN or FDDI.
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ISDN Modem
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Integrated Services Digital Networks (ISDN) is an international standard used to send data, video and voice over digital telephone lines or normal telephone wires. ISDN support data transfer rates of 64 kbps. Normally the telephone company installs two lines called B channels; both can be used to send data to achieve data rates of 128 kbps. A broadband version of ISDN, called B-ISDN, supports data rates of 1.5 Mbps over fiber optic cables.
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xDSL Modem
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Digital Subscriber Lines (xDSL) is a set of technologies that use sophisticated modulation schemes to send data onto copper wires. They are called the last-mile technologies because they are used only for connections from a telephone switching station to a home or office, not between switching stations. xDSL is similar to ISDN. Both operate over existing telephone wires, and both need a short connection (less than 20 feet) to a central telephone office. There are several types of xDSL technologies in use today such as ADSL, SDSL, HDSL:
- ADSL - Asynchronous DSL: Supports data transfer rates of up to 9 Mbps when receiving data (upstream), and up to 640 kbps when sending data (downstream).
- SDSL - Symmetric DSL: Supports data transfer rate of up to 3 Mbps in both direction, upstream and downstream.
- HDSL - High data-rate DSL.
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Cable Modem
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A modem that operates over cable TV lines. A cable modem can achieve very high data rates because it transmits signals over the same coaxial cable used by cable TV, allowing for greater bandwidth than telephone lines
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Fiber Optic Modem
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A modem that is used in optical systems.
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Other
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Other unlisted fax / modem types.
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Bus / Interface Type:
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Type II Card
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Type II card dimensions are 54mm x 85.4mm and may be up to 5.5 mm thick. Common uses of these cards: I/O devices such as data / fax modems, LAN adapter, non-rotating mass storage devices, etc.
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Type III Card
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Type III card dimensions are 54mm x 85.4mm and may be up to 10.5 mm thick.
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CardBus
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A card bus is a PC card with 32 bits of address and data. It runs at 33 MHz.
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ISA
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Industry standard architecture (ISA) buses can handle 16-bit data transfers at a clock speed of 8 MHz. They are also capable of handling memory under 16 MB. Extended ISA (EISA) is an enhanced version of the ISA bus. EISA buses run at 8 MHz, are capable of 32-bit data transfers, and can access all memory in the system.
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PCI
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Peripheral component interconnect (PCI) is a local bus system designed for high-end computer systems. PCI buses transfer 32 or 64 bits of data at a clock speed of 33 MHz. They also support 3 to 5 critical peripherals, which are either integrated directly onto the motherboard or added via expansion cards. PCI buses fully support cards that were developed for standard I/O buses.
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IEEE 1394 (FireWire )
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IEEE 1394 or FireWire® is an interface standard adopted by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for very fast digital data transfers such as streaming video. IEEE 1394 connectors are used to transmit and receive data among FireWire devices, and are designed to replace external high-speed peripheral connections to personal computers, including hard disks, CD-ROMs, DVDs, graphics cards, high-speed scanners, direct video, monitors, etc. Tiny, robust FireWire connectors will also become important parts of home entertainment, communication, and appliance networks. FireWire is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.
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MIC
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A Medium Interface Connector (MIC) is a duplex fiber optic connector used with Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) networks.
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RJ-45
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RJ-45 connectors look a bit like a standard phone connector but are twice as wide (with eight wires). RJ-45s are used for connecting computers to local area networks (LANs), or for phones that connect to a number of lines.
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SC
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SC fiber optic connectors have a 2.5mm ferrule, push-pull latching mechanism, and the ability to be snapped together to form duplex and multifiber connectors. SC connectors are the preferred fiber optic cable for premises cabling, and are recommended by the TIA / EIA-568-A Standard for structured cabling. Used with Ethernet 100Base-FX and 1000Base-LX / SX fiber optic media systems.
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ISDN BRI S/T Interface
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The S/T interface is the connector on the ISDN modem where other ISDN devices connect in order to communicate over ISDN.
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ISDN BRI U Interface
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ISDN devices must have a terminator (called NT1 terminator) that is placed between the ISDN device and the wall jack. The U interface is the connector that connects NT1 terminated ISDN devices to the telephone company's ISDN wall jack. Many ISDN devices have a U interface, so they can be connected directly to the wall jack.
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Serial Ports (RS232, RS422, RS485)
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Serial Ports (Asynchronous Serial Interface): A system-to-system communication interface. Data is sent over a single wire (serial). Transmission is asynchronous because no synchronization or clocking signal is present.
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ST
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Designation for the "straight tip" connector developed by AT&T. This fiber optic connector features a physically contacting non-rotating 2.5mm ferrule design and bayonet connector-to-adapter mating. Used with Ethernet 10Base-FL and FIORL links.
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USB
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Universal serial bus (USB) is a 4-wire, 12-Mbps serial bus for low-to-medium speed peripheral device connections to personal computers (PC), including keyboards, mice, modems, printers, joysticks, audio functions, monitor controls, etc. The USB design is standardized by the USB Implementers Forum (USBIF), an organization that includes leading companies from the computer and electronics industries. The current USB specification is USB 2.0, which supports data transfer rates of up to 480 Mbps.
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PLC Slot Mount
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The device has an interface where a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) can be connected for remote applications.
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Other
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Other unlisted interfaces.
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