Tube Fabrication Services Specifications

Material Capabilities



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	ABS		Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) is a hard, rigid, thermoplastic polymer. It provides good chemical and creep resistance, as well as dimensional stability. ABS is used in many industries and in a wide array of applications. It is generally inexpensive, but prone to crack when under stress. Common trade names include Cycolac (GE Plastics), Lustran (Bayer) and Novodur (Bayer).
	Aluminum		Aluminum is a bluish, silver-white, malleable, ductile, light-weight, trivalent metallic element that provides good electrical and thermal conductivity, high reflectivity, and resistance to oxidation.
	Brass		Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc that often includes additional elements such as lead or tin. Brass has good strength and good conductivity, excellent high temperature ductility and reasonable low temperature ductility, excellent corrosion resistance, good bearing properties and low magnetic permeability.
	Bronze		Bronze is an alloy of copper and other elements such as aluminum, silicon or tin (i.e., aluminum bronze, silicon bronze, tin bronze, etc.)
	Carbon / Graphite		Carbon or graphite has an extremely high melting point and is resistant to many molten non-ferrous metals, ceramics and salts. Carbon pipe is used in chemical manufacturing, in heat treating furnaces, in non-ferrous metal production and by the ceramic industries.
	Ceramic / Ceramic-lined		Ceramic materials are made of metal oxides, carbides, nitrides or combinations of these compounds. Typically, ceramics are formed from powders that are consolidated in a high temperature firing process. Most ceramics resist high temperatures and chemicals, but have low electrical and thermal conductivity.
	Clay / Vitrified Clay		Vitrified clay is composed of crushed and blended clays that are fired at a succession of temperatures to provide excellent strength and a glossy finish. General characteristics include resistance to internal and external chemical corrosion, abrasion, and heat. Vitrified clay is used in many industrial applications, most notably as tile or piping.
	Concrete		Concrete is a composite of cement, sand, and aggregate; frequently, other additives are used to enhance qualities such as strength or water resistance. Concrete pipe is used for large infrastructure applications due to its strength and durability.
	CPVC		Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) is a common, versatile pipe material. It has many of the same advantages and uses as PVC, but typically carries higher temperature ratings.
	EPDM		Ethylene propylene (EPDM) offers good resistance to sunlight, weathering and ozone. It has poor resistance to petroleum oils and fuel, but good heat and compression set resistance. EPDM's suggested operating temperature is - 70° to 275° F. Trade names include Nordel^® (Dupont Dow Elastomers), Vistalon^® (Exxon Mobil Chemical), Epsyn^® (DSM Elastomers), Royalene^® (Uniroyal Chemical), and Epcar^® (B.F. Goodrich).
	Fiberglass / Composite		Fiberglass reinforced plastics are the largest class of composites used in pipe manufacturing. For chemical or structural applications, composites used in pipe or tube forming include graphite or aramid fiber reinforced plastics or aluminum-plastic composites.
	PFA Fluororesin		PFA (perfluoroalkoxy) fluororesin is used in applications with temperature requirements of 500°F (250°C). PFA exhibits very good chemical resistance and dielectric properties.
	Glass / Glass-lined		Glass properties include smoothness, nonconductivity, relative inertness, and resistance to acids and other corrosive media. Its chemical resistance makes it suitable for many chemical processing applications.
	Iron (Gray / Cast)		The term "cast iron" refers not to a single material, but to a family of materials whose major constituent is iron, with varying amounts of carbon and silicon. Gray cast iron incorporates the graphite form of carbon in a flaky structure within the iron. Cast iron has been widely used in pipe and fittings for hundreds of years in water and wastewater applications, owing to its durability and excellent corrosion resistance.
	Iron (Ductile)		Ductile iron is a form of cast iron developed in the 1940s that incorporates significant casting refinements, additional metallurgical processes, and superior quality control. Heat treatment after casting changes the graphite into spheroidal shapes, giving ductile iron greater elongation, impact strength, and toughness than its predecessor, gray cast iron; in fact, the properties of ductile iron resemble those of steel more closely than traditional gray cast iron. Ductile iron retains the machinability of gray iron, and its high corrosion resistance is often enhanced with polyethylene encasement. Ductile iron is also called "Nodular Iron" or "S.G. Iron".
	Lead		Lead pipe is used in chemical, nuclear, and other specialized applications. Lead is noted for its durability, versatile formability, economy, and ability to deform plastically, thereby avoiding catastrophic failure. Environmental regulations govern the use of lead pipe in some water supply applications.
	Neoprene / Rubber / Elastomer		Several elastomeric products can be used in pipe fabrication. The most widely used product is Neoprene, a synthetic rubber that resists degradation from sun, ozone, and weather. It performs well in contact with oils and many chemicals. Neoprene remains useful over a wide temperature range, displays outstanding physical toughness, and resists burning inherently better than exclusively hydrocarbon rubbers. Neoprene also offers resistance to damage caused by flexing and twisting. Its suggested operating temperature is -45° to 230° F. Neoprene was originally engineered by DuPont Dow.
	Nylon / Polyamide		Nylon comprises several grades of polyamides and is a widely used, general-purpose material. Nylon is tough, resistant to gasoline and most oils, and has good pressure ratings.
	Polyethylene (PE)		Polyethylene (PE) is a semi-crystalline (typically around 50%), whitish, semi-opaque commodity thermoplastic that is soft, flexible and tough - even at low temperatures - with outstanding electrical properties but poor temperature resistance. It has very good chemical resistance, but is prone to cracking from environmental stress. It has poor ultraviolet (UV) resistance (unless modified) and poor barrier properties, except to water.
	Polypropylene (PP)		Polypropylene (PP) is a thermoplastic material with excellent cold flow, bi-axial strength, and yield elongation properties. It is similar to PVC but can be used in exposed applications because of its resistance to UV, weathering, and ozone.
	PTFE / PTFE-lined		Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is an insoluble compound that exhibits a high degree of chemical resistance and a low coefficient of friction. It is sometimes marketed in proprietary classes of materials such as Teflon^®, a registered trademark of DuPont. This selection includes both pipes that use PTFE as the primary material and pipes that are lined with PTFE.
	PVC		Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a widely used material that has good flexibility, a smooth surface, and nontoxic qualities. Some grades are used in food and chemical processes due to the inert nature of PVC.
	Steel - Carbon & Alloy		This selection includes general-purpose carbon steel and mild steel or steel alloys that contain chrome, nickel, molybdenum, vanadium or other elements to alter hardenability characteristics, toughness, hardness, corrosion resistance, and/or strength. Typically, "black pipe" is made of carbon steel.
	Steel - Stainless		Stainless steel is chemical and corrosion resistant and has relatively high pressure ratings. This selection includes all grades of stainless steel.
	Titanium		Commercially pure (CP) titanium piping provides excellent corrosion resistance and is an important choice for some chemical processing applications. Typically, CP titanium provides better corrosion resistance and formability, but lower strength than alpha-beta titanium alloys such as Ti-6Al-4V.
	Zirconium		Zirconium is a refractory metal used in nuclear power generation and chemical processing applications due to its outstanding corrosion resistance. Zirconium’s low neutron absorption cross-section makes the metal a good choice for components and fuel supports (tubes) in nuclear reactors.
	Other		Other unlisted, proprietary or specialized material.
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Application


	Application
	Your choices are...
	General Purpose		Tubes and pipes are rated for general fluid transfer and can be used in a variety of applications.
	Aerospace		Tubes and pipes are suitable for aerospace applications.
	Automotive		Tubes and pipes are suitable for use in automobiles, trucks, and other vehicles, or are rated to automotive standards or specifications.
	Chemical (General)		Tubes and pipes are rated for general uses with non-caustic chemicals.
	Chemical (Corrosive / Solvent)		Tubes and pipes provide a high degree of resistance to corrosive substances such as acids and solvents.
	Compressed Air		Tubes and pipes are rated for compressed air.
	Coolant		Tubes and pipes are designed for use with machine or process coolants, cutting fluid, etc.
	Cryogenic		Tubes and pipes are designed for applications at extremely low temperatures.
	Food Processing		Tubes and pipes are designed and rated for use with food processing applications.
	High Temperature / Heating Fluids		Tubes and pipes are suitable for use at high ambient temperatures, high fluid temperatures, or can be used to heat fluids.
	HVAC		Tubes and pipes are used in heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) applications.
	Hydraulic Fluid		Tubes and pipes are designed to transport hydraulic power fluid.
	Marine		Tubes and pipes are rated for marine / salt water applications.
	Medical / Pharmaceutical		Tubes and pipes are suitable for use with pharmaceutical chemicals or medical/surgical fluids.
	Oil / Fuel		Tubes and pipes are rated for use with petrochemicals such as engine oil, gasoline, diesel, and specialized fuels.
	Pipeline		Companies can bend pipe for pipeline applications.
	Refrigerant		Tubes and pipes are suitable for use with refrigerants in cooling systems.
	Sanitary		Tubes and pipes are resistant to contaminants and fluid absorption.
	Slurry		Slurry is a mixture of solid particles and a liquid, usually water. Slurry tubing is rated to resist the abrasion associated with its transport.
	Building / Structural		Tubes and pipes are designed for building construction and other structural applications.
	Vacuum		Tubes and pipes are rated for air at less than atmospheric pressure.
	Water		Tubes and pipes are rated for hot or cold water delivery.
	Other		Other unlisted, specialized, or proprietary applications.
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Certifications / Quality Requirements


	Certifications / Quality Requirements
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	AS 9000		AS 9000 defines quality management system (QMS) requirements for suppliers to the aerospace industry. It was developed by major aerospace manufacturers and published by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE). AS 9000 is based on ISO 9001, but includes over 80 additional requirements for the aerospace industry.
	AS 9100		AS 9100 is an expanded, international version of AS 9000, a standard which defines quality system requirements for suppliers to the aerospace industry. AS 9100 was developed by major aerospace manufactures in conjunction with the ISO Aerospace Technical Committee (TC) 20, and published by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE).
	QS-9000		QS-9000 is a quality standard for suppliers of DaimlerChrysler Corporation, Ford Motor Company, and General Motors Corporation. QS-9000 is based on the 1994 edition of ISO 9001, but contains additional requirements that are particular to the automotive industry. Specifically, QS-9000 applies to suppliers of production materials, production and service parts, heat treating, painting and plating and other finishing services.
	ISO 9001:2000		ISO 9001:2000, a part of the larger ISO 9000 standard, contains the actual requirements with which an organization needs to comply to become certified. ISO 9001:2000 replaces the ISO 9001:1994 quality standard.
	ISO 13485:2003		ISO 13485:2003 specifies quality management system (QMS) requirements for organizations that need to demonstrate their ability to provide medical devices and related services that consistently meet applicable customer and regulatory requirements. ISO 13485:2003 contains specific requirements for medical devices and excludes non-applicable requirements from ISO 9001. Consequently, an organization with a QMS that conforms to ISO 13485:2003 cannot claim to conformity to ISO 9001 unless the QMS meets all of ISO 9001’s requirements.
	ISO 14001		ISO 14000 provides an internationally recognized framework for environmental management, measurement, evaluation and auditing. ISO 14000 does not prescribe environmental performance targets, but provides organizations with the tools to assess and control the impact of their activities, products or services on the environment. ISO 14001:1996, a part of the larger ISO 14000 standard, contains the actual requirements with which an organization needs to comply in order to become certified.
	TS 16949		ISO/TS 16949:2002 is an ISO Technical Specification that aligns existing American (QS-9000), German (VDA6.1), French (EAQF) and Italian (AVSQ) automotive quality systems standards for the global automotive industry.
	FDA Registered		Suppliers are registered with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the manufacture of foods, human drugs, medical devices, biologics, and/or animal feeds and drugs.
	MIL-SPEC		Suppliers comply with military specifications (MIL-SPEC) or military standards (MIL-STD).
	OEM Specific		Suppliers provide certifications for specific original equipment manufacturer (OEM) internal company specifications or requirements.
	Other		Other unlisted, specialized, or proprietary certification or standard.
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Regional Preference



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	North America		Companies are located in the United States, Canada or Mexico.
	United States Only		Companies are located in the United States.
	Northeast US Only		Companies are located in the Northeast United States, namely Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island and Vermont.
	Southern US Only		Companies are located in the Southern United States, namely Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Washington D.C., and West Virginia.
	Southwest US Only		Companies are located in the Southwest United States, namely Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico and Utah.
	Northwest US Only		Companies are located in the Northwest United States, namely Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington and Wyoming.
	Midwest US Only		Companies are located in the Midwest United States, namely Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota and Wisconsin.
	Canada Only		Companies are located in Canada.
	South / Central America Only		Companies have facilities in South American countries such as Argentina, Brazil, or Chile; or in Central American countries such as Costa Rica, Honduras, Panama, etc.
	Europe Only		Companies are located in Europe, namely Germany, Ireland, Italy, United Kingdom, etc.
	South Asia Only		Companies are located in South Asia, namely India, Pakistan, Nepal, etc.
	Near East Only		Companies are located in the Near East, namely Egypt, Israel, Saudi Arabia, etc.
	East Asia / Pacific Only		Companies are located in East Asia, namely China, Japan, Taiwan, etc.
	Other		Other unlisted countries or regions.
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