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Shape / Form:
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Your choices are...
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Bar Stock
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Stock products are available in the form of a bar or rod, usually with a square cross-section. Stock forms can be processed in rectangular, oval, hexagonal, or other shapes.
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Beam / Column
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Beams, columns or supports are specialized shapes for the support of heat elements, kiln furniture, catalysts, or precision metrology components. Beams consist of open channels or rectangular tube shapes. Catalyst supports often consist of porous structures with large surface areas or honeycomb structures that hold a metal catalyst providing easy exposure of a stream of reactive gases or other reactants. Kiln or heating element supports often consist of specialized profiles with channels for mounting of resistance heating elements. Cement columns are used to support sections of a building.
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Brick / Block / Tile
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Blocks are building materials or masonry units consisting of fired ceramic or cement materials with a regular shape. Blocks usually have a rectangular shape, although specialized shapes are used for paving, refractory, decorative and other specialized applications. Refractory or fireclay blocks are manufactured from temperature resistant materials. Refractory blocks are stacked to form an insulating furnace, boiler, or other thermal process vessel wall. The refractory blocks are usually cemented together with a refractory mortar. Blocks are similar to bricks but typically smaller in overall dimensions.
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Brick
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Bricks are building materials or masonry units consisting of fired ceramic or cement materials with a rectangular shape. Red bricks have higher iron content and are used to build walls in structural or load bearing applications. Firebricks, refractory bricks or fireclay bricks are stacked to form an insulating furnace, boiler, chimney or other thermal process vessel wall. The bricks are usually cemented together with a refractory mortar.
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Crucible
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Degasser
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Degassers remove detrimental gases like hydrogen that would induce porosity and reduce strength. Static degassing devices use a porous ceramic to remove harmful gases or impurities through the emmision of reactive gas bubbles into the melt. Rotary degasser spin rapidly in the melt causing a shearing effect that breaks up gases pockets into small bubbles for removal. Degassers may use a combination of gas emmision and rotary techniques to degas a melt.
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Fabricated / Custom Shape
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Materials are fabricated in the form of a custom or application-specific shape such as a crucible, valve seat, blade, fired custom shaped brick or block, custom contoured tile, diffuser, furnace lining, degasser, and precast cement or concrete structural shape. The custom shape could be fabricated using pressing, slip casting, firing or sintering, melting, casting, cement form casting, and/or other processing methods.
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Ferrule
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Ferrules are cylindrically-shaped ceramic components for protection or spacing applications that require materials with good dielectric or thermal characteristics. Refractory ferrules provide the best protection possible for vulnerable boiler tube inlet areas and metal tube sheets in sulfur recovery units (SRUs), methane reformers, and waste heat boilers (WHBs). Optical ceramic ferrules are used in the alignment of optical fiber. Electronic ferrules are used in spacing or insulating electronic components.
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Filter / Diffuser
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Spargers or diffusers are porous ceramics used to blow fine bubbles of a gas into a metal melt to remove impurities, particulates or other detrimental melt gases, de-oxidize melts and enable chemical reactions. Filters are porous ceramics are used to remove impurities by passing the molten materials through the filter.
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Furnace Liner - Sectional
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Modular or sectional lining systems consist of a series of interlocking components that fit or stack together to form a protective furnace lining. Induction furnaces often utilize a modular furnace lining system fabricated from ceramics that do not interfere with the inductive heating process. Liners may use a backup of ramming cement behind the liner, but not within the interlocking grooves. Removal of refractory cement between the ceramic sections improves lining life and quality of the melt. Tongue and groove crucibles are a modular crucible system consisting of a series of interlocking components that stack together to form a furnace lining or crucible.
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Kiln Furniture
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Beams, posts, setters, supports, rollers, baffles, kiln cars, boats, shelves or other components are used to support, move, and process products or raw materials in furnaces or kilns.
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Plate / Board (e.g., Fiberboard)
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Stock product available in the form of a solid plate, slab, board or substrate. The board or plate may consist of a ceramic fiberboard product, a dense sintered ceramic plate, or a precast cement bonded slab.
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Foundry / Plunger Tools (Stirrer, Stopper, etc.)
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Foundry or plunger tools are designed to be immersed in molten metal and aid in the processing and casting of metal melts. Foundry and plunger tools include stirring rods, mixing paddles, dippers, skimmers, degasser tubes, degassing rotors, riser stalks, and stopper rods. Plunger mixers or stirring rods are dipped into molten materials to agitate, mix or sample the metal or glass melt to assure consistent homogeneity. Stopper rods are used to control the flow and mixing or molten material in a crucible, ladle, pot or furnace. Stoppers are used to stop or control flow of a melt by plugging up a hole in the bottom of furnace crucible or melting pot. Dippers or skimmers are used to remove
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Rod / Round Stock
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Stock products are available in the form of a rod or a bar with a round cross-section.
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Roller / Roll
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Rolls or rollers are tube or hollow shaped components used in bearing, rolling and material handling applications. Ceramic rollers are a key component in hybrid ceramic roller bearings. Ceramic or fused silica rolls are used in furnaces to handle or move hot glass sheet or other thermally processed materials.
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Sphere Shape / Bearing Ball
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Ceramic sphere shapes are used in grinding attrition media, mechanical applications (check or ball valve), blasting, catalyst supports, tower packing, and other applications. Bearing or precision balls are precision-ground for hybrid ball bearings or other motion system application.
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Spout / Nozzle (Launder Pouring / Atomization)
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Pouring nozzles or orifices are used to direct or meter the flow of molten metal or other melted materials. Atomization nozzles are a critical component in the gas atomization process used to product metal powders. Ceramic nozzles are also used to shield other components of a system from arcs or abrasive jet/blast streams. Pouring cups, pouring tubes, tundish nozzles, continuous casting tips also fit into this category. A launder or spout is used delivery molten metal or molten glass from a furnace to ladle or crucible, from furnace to furnace, or from a furnace or crucible to a mold or forming equipment.
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Tile
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Tile consists of a flat, thin ceramic shape usually with beveled edges for lining or covering a surface. Tile may have square, rectangular, hexagonal, triangular, round or custom shapes. Tiles often have a protective glaze to create a waterproof or water resistance surface. Tile can be smooth and glossy for wall applications or anti-slip textured with a matt finish for floor applications.
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Tube Stock / Cylinder
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Stock product in the form of a cylinder, split cylinder, hollow tube or pipe. Tubes and cylinders having a single central bore or inner diameter. Cylinders or split cylinders tend to have thicker walls compared to tube products. Tubes are commonly used as heating elements, for thermocouple protection, or channeling molten metal.
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Tube - Muffle / Furnace
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Tubes or hollow beams with a round or rectangular cross-section are designed for use in a furnace. The tube forms a barrier between the furnace's heating elements and heated parts. Radiant heaters or furnace tubes contain a combustion heat source or the heating elements in order to provide infrared heating without contamination from combusted gases or attack of heating elements.
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Tube / Sheath - Immersion (Closed End)
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Sheathed, immersion, or closed-end tubes are designed to protect heating elements, burners, or other devices in high-temperature furnaces from immersion in molten metals, glasses, or other melted materials.
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Other
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Other unlisted, specialized, or proprietary material product form.
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Search Logic:
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All products with ANY of the selected attributes will be returned as matches. Leaving all boxes unchecked will not limit the search criteria for this question; products with all attribute options will be returned as matches.
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Hollow / Tubular?
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Stock product in the form of a hollow shape such as a cylinder, split cylinder, hollow tube, pipe or hollow balls.
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Search Logic:
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"Required" and "Must Not Have" criteria limit returned
matches as specified. Products with optional attributes
will be returned for either choice.
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Use / Melt Temperature:
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The maximum temperature that the refractory or ceramic material can be used continuously without the degradation of structural or other required end-use properties.
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Search Logic:
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All matching products will have a value greater than or equal to the specified value.
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Width / O.D.
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The width is the outer diameter (O.D.) of stock shapes such as bars, plates, and tubes; or of fabricated components such as crucibles.
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User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria.
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Length
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The length of a stock material such as a bar, rod, plate or tube.
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Search Logic:
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User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria.
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Thickness / Wall Thickness
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The thickness of a stock form, tube wall, or other fabricated component. Stock forms include bars, rods, plates and tubes.
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Search Logic:
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User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria.
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Specialty Ceramic Type
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Your choices are...
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Alumina / Aluminum Oxide
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Alumina or aluminum oxide (Al2O3) is a compound that consists of aluminum and oxygen. Typically, it used in the alpha alumina structural form. In its pure form, alumina is a white ceramic material with high hardness. Fully-dense alumina can be translucent.
Alumina is used widely because of its versatility and relatively low cost. Depending on its purity and density, alumina is used to make refractory tubes, industrial crucibles, analytical labware, dielectric substrates, wear components, refractory cements and abrasives. Alumina’s main drawback, its relatively poor thermal shock resistance, is due to its higher coefficients of thermal expansion and lower thermal conductivity compared to other pure ceramic materials, such as silicon carbide (SiC).
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Alumina - Silicon Carbide
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Alumina-silicon carbide (Al2O3-SiC) ceramic consists of an alumina matrix reinforced with silicon carbide particles or fibers. Al2O3-SiC ceramics are essentially ceramic matrix composites.
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Alumina-Zirconia
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Zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) and other zirconia-alumina ceramics are often used in wear applications as an intermediate solution between alumina and zirconia. ZTA offers increased fracture toughness over alumina at a lower cost compared to pure or high zirconia ceramics. Depending on the purity and density, alumina is used for refractory tubes, industrial crucibles, analytical labware, wear components, refractory cements, and abrasives.
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Aluminum Nitride
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Aluminum nitride (AlN) ceramics are compounds of aluminum metal and nitrogen. Aluminum nitride is relatively inert. Its good thermal conductivity combined with high electrical insulation ability makes these materials useful as substrates, insulators and barrier layers in microelectronics applications.
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Aluminum Silicate (Mica, Sillimanite, etc.)
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Ceramics contain or are based upon natural or synthetic aluminosilicate minerals such as sillimanite, fibrolite, or mica. Sillimanite, fibrolite, and mica are aluminum silicate (Al2SiO5) compounds that consist of silicon, aluminum and oxygen. Sillimanite is also a naturally-occurring mineral that is calcined through processing. Mica also contains potassium, and is characterized by its layer structure. Mica is fire-proof and non-fusing, and can resist temperatures of up to 900° C - depending on the type of mica. Mica also has low heat conductivity, excellent thermal stability, and good dielectric or electrical insulation properties. The major types of mica are muscovite, biotite, and phlogopite.
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Boron Nitride
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Boron nitride (BN) ceramics are based on compounds of boron and nitrogen. Boron nitride is relatively inert and has good thermal conductivity combined with good electrical insulation, making this material useful in fabricating substrates and insulators in microelectronics applications. BN is polymorphic, meaning that it occurs in a wide variety of crystalline structure forms. BN is available as amorphous or vitreous, pyrolytic, hexagonal and cubic crystal structures. Cubic boron nitride (CBN) is a super abrasive that is second only to diamond in hardness.
BN is more resistant to oxidation than carbon. Depending on the purity, density and crystal structure, boron nitride is used for refractory linings, industrial crucibles, arc furnace electrodes, analytical labware, composites, refractory cements and super abrasives. Hexagonal BN is structurally weak and used as a high temperature lubricant, coating or release agent.
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Calcium Aluminate
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Calcium aluminate (CaAlO3) refractories are usually derived from calcium aluminate, calcium, or alumina bearing minerals. Calcium aluminate is used in refractory cements and shapes as well as synthetic slag additions for metallurgical operations.
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Carbon / Graphite
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Carbon (C) is a non-metallic element with an extremely high sublimation temperature, and a wide variety of crystalline structure forms (polymorphism). Diamond and diamond-like carbon (DLC) materials have high hardness and excellent wear resistance. Graphite is a crystalline form of carbon available as pyrolytic graphite, hexagonal graphite, or diamond.
Carbon is available as amorphous / vitreous carbon, pyrolytic graphite, hexagonal graphite, and diamond or diamond-like carbon. Carbon without a protective coating must be used in reducing or vacuum atmospheres to prevent oxidation at elevated temperatures.
Depending on the purity, density, and crystal structure, carbon is used for refractory linings, industrial crucibles, EDM electrodes, arc furnace electrodes, analytical labware, composites, refractory cements, and super abrasives.
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Chromia / Chromite
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Chromia ceramics or refractories are based on compounds chromium and oxygen.
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Cordierite
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Cordierite (2MgO·2Al2O3·5SiO2) or cordierite porcelain is a magnesium aluminum silicate produced by fusing a mixture of talc, clay and aluminum oxide. Cordierite and cordierite mineral precursors are also known as magnesium-alumino silicate, dichroite and iolite. Cordierite has a low coefficient of thermal expansion, high mechanical strength, and low dielectric loss. Cordierite is commonly fabricated into an insulator or insulating substrate because of its good dielectric properties. Cordierite has excellent thermal shock resistance. It can withstand a red heat to ice water quench, and then be returned to red heat. High-fire cordierite body will withstand a temperature rise from 70º to 1800º in 80 seconds, followed by an immediate room-temperature air quench.
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Dolomite (MgO-CaO)
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Dolomite refractories are based on calcium magnesium oxide or calcium magnesium carbonate minerals.
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Forsterite
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Forsterite is a stoichiometric magnesium orthosilicate (Mg2SiO4) used in applications that require a high coefficient of thermal expansion. Forsterite has desirable electrical insulation properties and is used as a layer on transformer steel sheets. This layer is formed by the reaction of magnesium oxide with the silicon additions of the steel during annealing. Forsterite is also used in bulk form to fabricate insulators.
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Kaolin / Clay Based
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Kaolin-based refractories or ceramics use natural kaolin or a mixture of clay and other ceramics such as alumina, calcium aluminate or silicon carbide. Kaolin acts as a binder and provides plasticity. It is a hydrous, mineral clay that is based on aluminum silicate [Al2(Si205)(0H)4]. Kaolin is also referred to as clay, anhydrous aluminum silicate, aluminum silicate dihydrate, nacrite, dickite, kaolinite, calcined, kaolinite, china clay, bolus alba, porcelain clay, aluminum, silicate hydroxide, or aluminum silicate (hydrated). Kaolin’s plate-like structure allows particles in a wet clay mass to slide across each other and maintain plasticity. Kaolin is a white, soft plastic clay composed primarily of well-ordered kaolinite mineral [Al2Si2O5(OH)4] with minor amounts of quartz, feldspar, and sheet silicate minerals (mica, illite, smectite, and chlorite).
Geologically, there are two types of kaolin deposits, i.e., primary and secondary kaolin. Primary kaolin is formed through the alteration, or kaolinization, of in-situ minerals of feldspar and other aluminum silicates to kaolinite. Secondary kaolin is laid down as sediments, usually in fresh water, far from the place of origin. Various types of secondary kaolin are ball clay, fireclay, or flint clay depending on kaolinite content and their properties.
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Magnesia / Magnesite
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Magnesia ceramics or refractories are based on compounds that consist of magnesium and oxygen. Magnesite or magnesia refractories or minerals are also known as magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate, dead burned magnesite, calcined magnesite, periclase or magnesia clinker. Depending on the origin and processing, magnesia is divided into caustic, dead-burnt, fused, precipitated, sintered or calcined and synthetic magnesia forms.
The high melting point (2800° C) and heat resistance (1700°C in the reducing and 2300° C in oxidizing atmosphere) of magnesium oxide make it suitable for the production of refractories. Magnesite is the naturally occurring mineral or ore used to produce magnesium oxide based refractories. Magnesite often contains iron, manganese or other activator elements. Magnesium oxide refractories with a carbon bond are frequently used in the steel industry. Magnesite refractories have good resistance to molten iron and steel.
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Mullite
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Mullite (3Al2O3-2Si02 or Al6Si2O13) is a compound of aluminum, silicon and oxygen. Mullite can also be viewed as a phase in the alumina-silica binary system. Mullite is a synthetic, fused or calcined crystalline aluminum silicate produced in electric arc furnaces from alumina and silica. Mullite usually has an off-white or tan color. Depending on the purity and density, mullite can have superior dielectric and thermal shock properties and resistance to slag and silicate refractory bonds. Mullite is used for refractory tubes, industrial crucibles, analytical labware, dielectric substrates, wear components and in refractory cements. Calcining kyanite minerals often derive refractory grade mullite or alumina-mullite mixtures.
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Porcelain
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Porcelain materials are used for both industrial and ornamental applications. Traditional porcelain is made from a mixture of feldspar, clay (kaolin) and flint. Steatite or cordierite porcelains are commonly used in electrical insulator applications. Many porcelain compositions are based on the K20-Al203-SiO2 or Mg0-Al203-SiO2 ternary systems.
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Silicon Carbide
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Silicon carbide (SiC) is a compound of silicon metalloid and oxygen. Typically, SiC is used in the alpha silicon carbide structural form. Silicon carbide is a black, high-hardness ceramic that is usually harder than alumina. Depending on the addition of impurities, SiC may be green or black in color. Fully-dense SiC can be transparent (moissanite).
SiC is used widely because of its versatility and relatively low cost. Depending on its purity and density, SiC is used in refractory tubes, industrial crucibles, wafer semi-insulating substrates, wear components, refractory cements, and abrasives. SiC forms a protective SiO2 skin that prevents further oxidation at very high temperatures in non-reducing atmospheres. Because of its low coefficient of thermal expansion and high thermal conductivity, SiC has a relatively high thermal shock resistance compared to other ceramic materials.
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Silicon Nitride
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Silicon nitride (Si3N4) is a compound that consists of silicon and nitrogen. It has superior mechanical properties and forms a protective SiO2 skin at high temperatures. Silicon nitride ceramics are difficult to sinter by conventional means because the material dissociates above 1800o C.
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Silicate / Fused Silica
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Refractory material based on a silicate system such as fused silica, calcium silicate (CaSiO3), aluminum silicate, magnesium silicate or quartz. Fused silica and silicates are compounds of silicon and oxygen. High purity, amorphous fused silica is a high performance ceramic with very low expansion, remarkable thermal shock resistance, low thermal conductivity, excellent electrical insulation up to 1000°C and excellent resistance to corrosion from molten metal and glass.
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SiAlON
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SiAlON (Al2O3-Si3N4) is an alloy of silicon nitride and aluminum oxide. SiAlON has the combined properties of silicon nitride (high strength, hardness, fracture toughness and low thermal expansion) and aluminum oxide (corrosion resistance, chemically inert, high temperature capabilities and oxidation resistance). SiAlON is a superior refractory material for components exposed to high temperatures, mechanical abuse, corrosion, wear or applications requiring electrical resistance.
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Glass Ceramic
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Glass ceramics are ceramics that can be fused and then molded, formed, ground, or machined using conventional glass fabrication techniques. After part fabrication, the glass ceramic's structure is transformed from an amorphous, glassy state to a crystalline ceramic state. MACOR® is widely applied glass ceramic with a fluorine rich glass composition approaching trisilicic fluorphlogopite mica (KMg3AlSi3O10F2). MACOR® is a trademarked proprietary material of Corning Corporation. Ceran®, Ceramat®, Robax® and Zerodur® are widely-applied proprietary glass ceramics from Schott Glass Corporation.
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Steatite
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Steatite or steatite porcelains are based on hydrated magnesium silicate (3MgO-4SiO2-4H2O) and are similar in composition to naturally-occurring soapstone or mineral talc. Steatite ceramics may also have additions of alumina, calcia and ferrous oxide. Resistance heaters and electrical insulators are commonly made of steatite due to the material's low cost, refractoriness, and high electrical resistance at high temperatures. Steatite and steatite minerals are also known as soapstone, massive talc, block steatite and soapstone silicate. Steatite ceramic is ideal for high frequency, low loss, and high voltage insulation. Steatite has good mechanical properties and low loss electrical qualities. It is ideal for resistor forms, igniters, standoffs, surge arrestors, coil forms, spacers, spark plugs, etc. Steatite is easily fabricated to close tolerances and is much less expensive than alumina ceramic insulators.
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Titania / Titanate
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Titania or rutile minerals (TiO2) are compounds that consist of titanium and oxygen. Titanates are compounds with titanium, an additional cation (Ba, Al, Sr), and oxygen. Examples include BaTiO3. Typically, titania and titanates are used as additions to other refractories, or for their specialized electrical or piezoelectric properties.
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Zircon
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Zircon is a compound of a zirconium silicate, ZrSiO4, which is found naturally in the form of zircon sand. Zircon has useful refractory properties.
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Zirconia
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Zirconia or zirconium oxide (ZrO2) is an extremely refractory compound of zirconium and oxygen. Zirconia may have additions of calcia, magnesia or yttria to stabilize the structure into a cubic structure. Zirconia stabilized in the cubic crystal structure avoids cracking and mechanical weakening during heating and cooling. Certain zirconia materials have the ability to transformation toughen (tetragonal to monoclinic phase change) under applied stress. They are often used in wear applications that require improved fracture toughness and stiffness over alumina. Zirconia ceramics possess excellent chemical inertness and corrosion resistance at temperatures well above the melting point of alumina. Zirconia is more costly than alumina, so it is only used where alumina will fail. Zirconia has low thermal conductivity and is an electrical conductor above 800° C. Zirconia is used to fabricate oxygen sensors or fuel cell membranes because zirconia possesses the unique ability to allow oxygen ions to move freely through the crystal structure above 600° C. Zirconia products should not be used in contact with alumina above 1600°C. Depending on the purity and density, zirconia is used in refractory tubes or cylinders, industrial crucibles, analytical labware, sensors, wear components, refractory cements, thermocouple protection tubes, furnace muffles, liners and high temperature heating element supports.
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Other
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Other unlisted, specialized, or proprietary ceramic types.
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Search Logic:
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Performance Features:
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Your choices are...
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Coated
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Coated materials use or are available with a glaze (fused glass enamel), metallized coating, plastic coating or other protective coating. The coating may seal porosity, improve water or chemical resistance, or enhance joining to metals or other materials. This category also includes glass materials with an organic coating or film, or ceramic frit coating for spandrel applications.
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Electrical Insulator / Dielectric
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Ceramics with intrinsically low electrical conductivity. Internal porosity will lower bulk electrical conductivity.
Insulators for direct (DC) or low frequency (AC) current must have a high resistivity, a good thermal resistivity and a low dilation coefficient in order to have sufficient resistance to thermal shock. The porosity must be very low. The surface vitrification must be perfect to avoid water absorption and to improve mechanical resistance. The most commonly used materials are porcelains, mainly ternary compounds (Al2O3-SiO2-MgO). Such insulators are especially used in the following applications :
- Transmission systems (low and high voltage wires),
- Electric devices (switches and cases),
- Sparkplugs for petrol engines,
- Supports for electric oven resistors or heating elements.
Ceramics used for high frequency insulator applications require a low dielectric constant and a small loss tangent. The meticulous choice of raw materials saves the surface from having to be vitrified. A vitrified surface would increase the value of the dissipation factor.
For very high frequencies (UHF), high purity dense alumina, fired at temperatures above 1600°C, is generally used.
For powerful tubes, big alumina insulators must be assembled on metallic electrodes. This application is used for television or satellite transmitter tubes or for micro-wave generators for heating, for example, or for powerful lasers.
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Machinable
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Machinable ceramics can be machined in the green, glass or finished state without excessive chipping. Typically, non-machinable ceramics are ground to finished dimensions, often with super abrasive grinding wheels.
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Porous / Foam
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Porous ceramics have a large degree of open or closed internal pores that provide a thermal barrier. Certain ceramics have intrinsically low thermal conductivity, even in dense forms. Reticulated foam refractories are useful in filtering molten metals and providing an extremely low density structure for insulation or other applications.
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Sintered / Fused
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Sintered or fired ceramics are homogenous materials in which individual grains or crystals are bonded to each other without the introduction of a foreign material (binder or cement) beyond small traces of dopants or sintering aids. These materials are densified through sintering or firing process. Sintered ceramics are sometime hot pressed or hot isostatic pressed (HIP) to increase density close to theoretical.
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Search Logic:
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All products with ANY of the selected attributes will be returned as matches. Leaving all boxes unchecked will not limit the search criteria for this question; products with all attribute options will be returned as matches.
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Applications:
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Your choices are...
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Chemical / Materials Processing
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Materials provide high temperature and/or corrosion resistance, making them suitable for chemical-processing applications. Examples include ceramics or refractories with resistance to molten glass, ceramics, metals, plastics or other materials during milling, firing, calcination, fusion or other processes.
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Foundry / Metal Processing
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Materials are designed for foundry and metal-processing applications. Ceramic and refractory crucibles, tubes, stoppers, liners, spouts, permanent molds, thermocouple protection tubes, combustion gas heater tubes, submersible heater tubes, die casting stalks/sleeves and other furnace components are used in foundries for melting and casting aluminum, steel, copper alloys or other metals.
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Optical / Semiconductor
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Ceramic materials specialized for use in fabricating or processing optical components such as lenses, windows, prisms, optical fiber and lasing material components. Single crystal ceramics, transparent ceramics, sapphire and quartz are example of materials with optical applications. Ceramics or other non-metallic compounds or elemental semiconductors used as substrates and wafers in semiconductor manufacturing. Also, ceramics used for wafer chucks, wafer furnace boats and thin film chamber liners.
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Structural
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Structural applications require ceramic components with a suitable strength, elastic modulus, toughness and other mechanical properties. Ceramics can have much higher compressive strengths and elastic moduli compared to metals.
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Other
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Other unlisted, specialized or proprietary applications.
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All products with ANY of the selected attributes will be returned as matches. Leaving all boxes unchecked will not limit the search criteria for this question; products with all attribute options will be returned as matches.
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