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Your choices are...
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Adhesive / Potting Compound
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Ceramic potting compounds and adhesives usually consist of a mixture of an inorganic binder and a fine ceramic filler or aggregate used to insulate electrical conductors, resistance heating elements for use under elevated temperature conditions where a polymer based adhesive or potting compound would burn up or degrade. The fillers and binders must have low resistivity and high dielectric strength.
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Block
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Blocks are building materials or masonry units consisting of fired ceramic or cement materials with a regular shape. Blocks usually have a rectangular shape, although specialized shapes are used for paving, refractory, decorative and other specialized applications. Refractory or fireclay blocks are manufactured from temperature resistant materials. Refractory blocks are stacked to form an insulating furnace, boiler, or other thermal process vessel wall. The refractory blocks are usually cemented together with a refractory mortar. Blocks are similar to bricks but typically smaller in overall dimensions.
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Brick
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Bricks are building materials or masonry units consisting of fired ceramic or cement materials with a rectangular shape. Red bricks have higher iron content and are used to build walls in structural or load bearing applications. Firebricks, refractory bricks, or fireclay bricks are stacked to form an insulating furnace, boiler, chimney or other thermal process vessel wall. The bricks are usually cemented together with a refractory mortar.
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Caulk / Grout / Filler
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Grout and caulk are types of sealants used to fill in gaps between tiles, bricks, or other components.
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Cement / Binder
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Cement refers to a mixture of binder and aggregate to form concretes or mortars such as Portland cement (calcium silicate), potassium silicate, or polymer cement. Sometimes, the term "cement" is used to describe mortars and other cement products.
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Coating / Thinset
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Cement-based coating products are thin-set materials applied in thinner layers than liner products, mortar or concretes. The terms thinset cement, thinset mortar, dryset mortar ,and drybond mortar are synonymous.
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Concrete
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Concrete consists of specialty cement or Portland cement and water mixed with coarse aggregate (e.g., gravel or crushed stone), fine aggregate or sand.
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Fabricated / Custom Shape
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Materials are fabricated in the form of a custom or application-specific shape such as a crucible, valve seat, blade, fired custom shaped brick or block, custom contoured tile, diffuser, furnace lining, degasser, and precast cement or concrete structural shape. The custom shape could be fabricated using pressing, slip casting, firing or sintering, melting, casting, cement form casting, and/or other processing methods.
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Filler / Reinforcement
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Powder or particulate materials are designed or suitable for filler or reinforcement applications.
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Granular Fill / Bed Media
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Granular fill is a loose, insulating material such as vermiculite that is loaded into a cavity to provide insulation and remains in a loose, unbonded condition. Bed media is a loose granular ceramic used in a catalytic oxidizer, fluid bed heater, or other thermal process unit to hold, filter or carry catalyst chemicals or particles during the heating, burning, or chemical reaction operation. Typically, ceramic bed media and granular fill have a high degree of porosity.
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Investment / Mold Refractory
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Investment may consist of a refractory powder with plaster or phosphate binder that is cast around a lost wax pattern. Investment may also consist of a ceramic slurry and powder that is coated onto a hanging lost wax, plastic or foam pattern. Permanent molds are made from refractory, ceramic, or ceramic-coated metal molds. Plastic refractory cement can be rammed around a reusable pattern to form a permanent ceramic mold or refractory shape. Refractory aggregates are also used to build up a shell in the investment casting process.
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Liner / Lining System
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Cement-based liners or lining systems are much heavier, or are applied in thicker layers than cement coatings or thinsets.
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Mortar
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Mortars consist of a mixture of a binder or clinker and a fine aggregate. They are used to bond together brick or other components in structural applications.
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Plate / Board (e.g., Cementboard)
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Stock products are available in the form of a solid plate, slab, board, or substrate. The board or plate may consist of a ceramic fiberboard product, a dense sintered ceramic plate, or a precast cement bonded slab.
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Precast / Molded Shape
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Materials are precast, preformed, molded, pressed stock, or fabricated shapes. Cement blocks and precast concrete products are concrete structures manufactured in a plant and ready for installation on-site. Precast refractory shapes are formed prior to installation in a furnace, boiler, or other high-temperature equipment. Applications for precast shapes include pouring tubes, ladle impact pads, dams and weirs, impact runners, troughs, covers, furnace roofs, and skimmer paddles.
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Powder / Aggregate (Grain / Grog)
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Stock products are available in a particulate form such as a powder, grog, grain, or fused and crushed aggregate.
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Rigidizer
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Rigidizers are used to stiffen fibrous refractory products such as tapes, papers, fabrics or wraps. Rigidizers are liquid coatings consisting of a fine refractory powder dispersed in a liquid binder.
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Precursor / Sol-gel
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Stock or standard products are available in the form of a liquid, solid or gaseous chemical precursor, or sol-gel chemical components. Sol-gel ceramics are made using alkoxide precursor chemicals.
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Tile
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Tile consists of a flat, thin ceramic shape usually with beveled edges for lining or covering a surface. Tile may have square, rectangular, hexagonal, triangular, round or custom shapes. Tiles often have a protective glaze to create a waterproof or water resistance surface. Tile can be smooth and glossy for wall applications, or anti-slip textured with a matt finish for floor applications.
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Tube Stock
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Tube stock has a single, central bore or inner diameter. Tubes are commonly used as heating elements, for thermocouple protection, or channeling molten metal.
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Other
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Other specialized, proprietary or unlisted concrete, mortar or cement-based product types.
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Setting / Cure Technology:
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Your choices are...
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Hydraulic Setting
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Hydraulically-set bonds use the hydration reaction of a salt to form a bond. Portland cement and plaster of Paris are hydraulically-setting materials.
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Air Setting
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Air setting or film drying materials form a bond or "harden" through evaporation of water or an organic solvent. Inorganic binders or cements are sometimes air setting. Refractory or high-temperature air set types may develop strong bonds after firing.
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Chemical Setting
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Binder or adhesives are set through a chemical reaction process. Silicates (sodium, potassium, ethyl, etc.) are commonly used as binders in foundry, refractory, and grinding wheel applications.
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Heat Setting / Thermoset
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Heat setting or thermoset bond use an elevated temperature and/or pressures to set the binder. Thermoset resin binders are cross-linked polymeric resins that are cured using heat or heat and pressure. Cured thermoset resins do not melt and flow when heated, but they may soften. Phenolic, melamine and urea formaldehyde resins are thermosetting adhesives that offer strong bonds and good resistance to high temperatures.
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Hot Melt
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Hot melt bonds can be repeatably softened by heat and hardened or set by cooling, which allows parts to be removed or repositioned during assembly. Sulfur bond is an example of hot melt cement.
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Two / Multiple Component
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Two or multi-component bond or binder systems consist of two or more resins or a resin and a hardener or catalyst, that when combined, react and cure into a polyermized compound or bond.
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Other
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Other specialized, proprietary or unlisted technology types.
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Bond / Processing Features:
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Your choices are...
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Silicate / Clay Bond
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Polycrystalline ceramics or aggregate-based refractories use a silicate or clay bond between individual grains or aggregates.
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Calcium Aluminate Bond
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Polycrystalline ceramics or aggregate based refractories that use a calcium aluminate bond between individual grains or aggregates.
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Carbon Bond
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Carbon bonds are used in high temperature carbon-carbon composites. Carbon bonds are often created by converting an organic or resin binder to carbon using heat and a controlled atmosphere. Organic or polymer resin binders hold carbon, carbide, or other ceramics together until firing.
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Portland Cement / CaSiO3 Bond
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Portland cements, as well as some refractories, are based on calcium silicate. Calcium silicate (CaSio3) refractories are usually derived from calcium silicate, calcium, or silicate bearing minerals such hornblende, epidote, and diopside, often with calcite or dolomite or wollastonite. Wollastonite is a naturally occurring form of calcium silicate that is commonly used as filler.
Portland cements are based on calcium silicate, CaSiO3. Portland cement, the fundamental ingredient in concrete, is calcium silicate cement made from a combination of calcium, silicon, aluminum, and iron oxide minerals. Clinker is a fused mineral mixture of limestone, shells or chalk and shale, clay, sand, or iron ore, which is crushed into a fine powder to manufacture Portland cements. Certain grades of cements may contain additions of fine aggregates of fumed silica, fly ash, or milled slag as well as chemical additives to improve strength, entrain air, reduce heat generation and cracking, or improve corrosion resistance to sulphates or other chemicals.
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Phosphate
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Magnesium phosphate cement is a rapid setting, early strength gain cement. It is usually used for special applications, such as repair of pavements and concrete structures or for resistance to certain aggressive chemicals. It does not contain Portland cement.
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Slag Cement
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Slag cement uses ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) to replace a portion of the Portland cement in a concrete mixture; this creates a more consistent mix. Slag cements fall under the category of blended hydraulic cements with two types: Type S-slag cement and Type I (SM)-slag modified Portland cement. The blast-furnace slag content of Type S is between 25 percent and 70 percent by mass. Type S contains at least 70 percent slag by mass.
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Sulfate Bond
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Sulfate-bond products are polycrystalline ceramics or aggregate-based refractories, cements or adhesives that use a sulfate or oxysulfate bond between individual grains or aggregates.
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Sulfur Bond
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Sulfur cement melts at temperatures between 113° C and 121° C. Sulfur concrete is maintained at temperatures around 130° C during mixing and placing. The material gains strength quickly as it cools, and is resistant to acids and aggressive chemicals. Sulfur cement does not contain Portland or hydraulic cement.
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Polymer Modified
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Portland cement is modified with polymer additions to improve plasticity, water resistance, or allow use cold or freezing weather conditions.
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Polymer Bond
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Organic or polymer resin binders hold refractories together until firing. Some resins are designed to burn out while other will convert to carbon.
Polymer cements, mortars, or concretes are used in corrosion protection applications such as linings or walls in chemical process plants. Polymer cements and mortars are used to bond corrosion resistant tile, brick, or other masonry components. Carbon bonds are used in high temperature carbon-carbon composites.
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Acrylate
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Acrylic binders are known for excellent environmental resistance and fast-setting time compared to other resin systems. Polymerizing acrylic or methylacrylic acids through a reaction with a suitable catalyst makes acrylic binders. They cure through a free radical mechanism. While they are usually supplied in two-component form, they do not typically require mixing. The catalyst, accelerator, or hardener can be applied to one surface and the acrylic resin to the other surface. These adhesives or sealants are called two-step systems. Sufficient diffusion will occur when the surfaces are adjoined to complete curing of the adhesive. Acrylic binders are available in both of emulsion and solvent based versions.
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Epoxy
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Epoxy resins or binders exhibit high strength and low shrinkage during curing. Epoxies are known for their toughness and resistance to chemical and environmental damage. Most epoxies are two-part systems cured at room temperature. Some thermally cured or thermoset one-part epoxies are also available. Depending on the formulation, epoxy resins are used as potting agents, resin binders or laminating resins in fiberglass or composite construction, electrical conductors in microelectronic packaging, and various structural bonding applications.
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Furan
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Furan products are thermosetting resins or binders in which the furan ring is an integral part of the polymer chain. Furan resins are made by the polymerization or poly condensation of furfural, furfural alcohol, or other compounds containing a furan ring, or by the reaction of these furan compounds with other compounds (not over 50%). Fire-retardant furans are used in hand lay-up, spray-up, and filament winding operations. Furans are commonly used in foundry binders, polymer concrete or mortar binders, grinding wheels, refractories and other high temperature applications. Furan resins and chemicals are also used in fiberglass composites, hybrid resins with epoxy or phenolic, and in corrosion resistant cements.
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Polyurethane
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Polyurethane resins or binders provide excellent flexibility, impact resistance and durability. They are available in one or two-part adhesive systems. Polyurethanes are formed through the reaction of an isocyanate component with polyols or other active hydroxyl group compounds. Polyurethanes bond well to plastic surfaces and make an excellent flexible potting compound. Polyurethanes require a catalyst, heat, or air evaporation to initiate and complete curing. Some disadvantages of polyurethanes are their short shelf life due to hydroscopic (water absorption) tendencies, and their generally slower cure combined with more complicated handling and curing procedures.
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Vinyl Ester / Polyester
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Resin binders are based on the vinyl ester or polyester system.
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Other
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Other unlisted, specialized, or proprietary bond types.
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Set / Cure Time
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The time required for fully curing or setting a bond system. In thermosetting, hydraulic or other chemically setting system, the time will vary depending on the actual curing temperature. Longer cure times will be required for lower curing temperatures. In addition, the time required for fully drying an air setting product.
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User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria.
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Set / Cure Temperature
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The time required for curing a thermosetting system. The temperature will vary depending on the actual curing time allowable. Higher curing temperatures will be required for lower cure times.
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User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria.
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Shrinkage
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The maximum percent of linear shrinkage occurring after drying, setting and/or curing.
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User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria.
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MOR / Flexural Strength
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Modulus of rupture (MOR), cross-break strength or flexural strength (3-point or 4-point) is the maximum flexural stress a bar can withstand before failure or fracture occurs. The bar is supported by two points beneath the bar and the load is applied by one or two points above the bar. Cross break strength is used to evaluate the strength of ceramics or other materials that do not provide sufficient plastic deformation to test tensile strength reliably.
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Compressive / Crushing Strength
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The crushing or compressive strength is the maximum compressive load per unit cross section that a ceramic body can withstand before mechanical failure or breakage occurs.
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Search Logic:
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User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria.
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Max Use / Curie Temperature
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This is the maximum temperature that the refractory or ceramic material can be exposed to momentarily without the degradation of structural or other required end-use properties. The maximum use temperature is usually equal to the melt temperature of the metal, glass, or other material contained by the refractory body in the furnace, boiler or process unit.
The Curie point is the temperature above which a material loses its unique magnetic, dielectric or piezoelectric property. Ferrites or other magnetic materials lose their unique magnetic properties above the Curie temperature. The relative permeability drops to a value below 0.1 above the Curie temperature. Magnetic susceptibility is inversely proportional to temperature.
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User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria.
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Thermal Conductivity
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Thermal conductivity is the linear heat transfer per unit area through a material for a given applied temperature gradient. Heat flux (h) = [thermal conductivity (k) ] x [temperature gradient (Δ T)]
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Search Logic:
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User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria.
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Density
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Density is the mass per unit area for a material. The fired density is dependent on the theoretical density of 100% dense body and the actual porosity retained after processing.
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Search Logic:
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User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria.
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Applications:
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Your choices are...
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Abrasive / Erosive Wear Protection
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Materials resist damage by abrasion or erosion, and protect underlying surfaces from abrasive or erosive wear.
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Ceramics / Glass Manufacturing
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Materials provide resistance to molten glass, or are compatible with ceramics and glasses during firing, calcining or fusing in a kiln or furnace.
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Chemical / Materials Processing
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Materials provide high temperature and/or corrosion resistance, making them suitable for chemical-processing applications. Examples include ceramics or refractories with resistance to molten glass, ceramics, metals, plastics or other materials during milling, firing, calcination, fusion or other processes.
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Construction & Building / Architectural
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Materials are designed or suitable for use in architectural, building, and construction applications. Examples include bricks, fire bricks or tiles.
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Dielectric / Electrical Insulation
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Dielectric ceramics have high electrical resistivity (low electrical conductivity) and high dielectric strength. Dielectric strength is the resistance to electrical breakdown under an applied electric field.
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Corrosion Protection
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Materials are designed or suitable for corrosive environments, such as the floors or walls of chemical processing plants.
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Electrical / HV Parts
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Materials are used to fabricate electrical parts for high voltage or power applications. Examples include insulators, igniters or heating elements.
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Electronics / RF-Microwave
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Materials are suitable for electronics applications, including RF and microwave. Ferrites, garnets, alumina/sapphire and silicates have sufficient dielectric properties for use in electronic, radio frequency (RF) and microwave devices such as antenna radomes, patch antenna substrates, thin/thick film substrates and resonators. In addition, ceramics, glass and other non-metallic compounds or elemental semiconductors are used as substrates, wafer or dummy wafers in semiconductor manufacturing. Ceramics are also used for wafer chucks or holders, wafer furnace boats and thin film chamber liners.
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Flooring
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Materials are suitable for flooring or floor-tiling applications.
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Foundry / Metal Processing
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Materials are designed for foundry and metal-processing applications. Ceramic and refractory crucibles, tubes, stoppers, liners, spouts, permanent molds, thermocouple protection tubes, combustion gas heater tubes, submersible heater tubes, die casting stalks/sleeves, and other furnace components are used in foundries for melting and casting aluminum, steel, copper alloys or other metals.
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MRO (Repair / Resurfacing)
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Materials are suitable for repair, hole or gap filling, patching, refinishing, resurfacing, and other MRO applications.
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Paving
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Materials are suitable for exterior paving, walkway, or roadway lining applications.
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Refractory / High Temperatures
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Refractory and high-temperature materials are hard, heat-resistant products such as alumina cement, fire clay, bricks, precast shapes, cement or monolithics, and ceramic kiln furniture. Ceramic refractories have high melting points and are suitable for applications requiring wear-resistance, high temperature strength, electrical or thermal insulation, or other specialized characteristics.
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Sealing (Seals / Sealant)
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Materials are designed for seals, sealing, barrier or containment applications. Liquid and viscous compounds can be used to fill gaps between seams or on surfaces to contain fluids, prevent leaks, and prevent infiltration of unwanted material.
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Structural
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Structural applications require ceramic components with a suitable strength, elastic modulus, toughness, and other mechanical properties. Ceramics can have much higher compressive strengths and elastic moduli compared to metals.
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Roofing
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Materials are suitable for roofing or roof-tiling applications.
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Thermal Insulation / Fire Proofing
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Thermally-insulating ceramics and refractories provide a thermal barrier between components and a hot or cold source. These ceramics and refractory shapes are also useful in providing flame protection and fire-proofing between a burner and the surrounding environment, or between combustion and oxygen sources.
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Walls
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Materials are suitable for use on walls.
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Wear Parts / Tooling
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Wear-resistant ceramics are used in industrial products such as automotive rings, pump parts, valve seals/seats, faucet discs, papermaking machine dewatering strips, aluminum can dies, wire drawing dies and textile guides.
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Other
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Other unlisted, specialized or proprietary applications.
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All products with ANY of the selected attributes will be returned as matches. Leaving all boxes unchecked will not limit the search criteria for this question; products with all attribute options will be returned as matches.
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Features:
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Your choices are...
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Castable
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Products can be poured into a form or cavity to fabricate a refractory liner or component. Some castables may not be pumpable.
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Coated
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Coated materials use or are available with a glaze (fused glass enamel), metallized coating, plastic coating or other protective coating. The coating may seal porosity, improve water or chemical resistance, or enhance joining to metals or other materials. This category also includes glass materials with an organic coating or film, or ceramic frit coating for spandrel applications.
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Fiberboard / Fiber Reinforced
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Fibreboards, fiber-based, or fiber-reinforced products include ceramic boards, cylinders or shapes that contain ceramic or mineral wool fibers to improve structural integrity or insulating characteristics.
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Gunning / Shotcrete (e.g., Gunnite)
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Gunning mixes are cements or powdered products that are loaded with a gun into a form or onto a wall to fashion a cement wall or layer. Dry or wet gunning mixes are available.
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Machinable
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Machinable ceramics can be machined in the green, glass or finished state without excessive chipping. Typically, non-machinable ceramics are ground to finished dimensions, often with super abrasive grinding wheels.
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Porous / Foam
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Porous ceramics have a large degree of open or closed internal pores that provide a thermal barrier. Certain ceramics have intrinsically low thermal conductivity, even in dense forms. Reticulated foam refractories are useful in filtering molten metals and providing an extremely low density structure for insulation or other applications.
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Ramming
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Both dry rams (vibratables) and wet mix rams are available. Wet rams are cement based products with enough plasticity to allow the wet mix to be rammed or formed into place in a furnace or in a form. Ramming material has a clay-to-putty like consistency. Rams generally have lower water content and less plasticity than moldables.
Dry rams are supplied as a dry powder that is applied and fired in place. Silicate, phosphate or other binders are activated upon firing. The dry refractory powders or aggregates are tamped or rammed into the floor or vibrated into place between the furnace wall and a removable furnace "former." On smaller furnaces, a formerless method is used where a unit is filled with dry refractory powder, fired and then the excess unfired refractory is removed for reuse. Some dry refractories are also called dry rams or dry ramming cements.
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Textured / Anti-slip
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Plate, sheet, tiles, brick, block, bars, or other stock shapes have a textured surface such as an anti-slip grit or abrasive coating, kiln cast pattern, a frosted or etched surface, molded-in raised bumps. The texture can be for functional anti-slip or decorative architectural purposes.
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Troweling / Patching
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Troweling cements have good plastering or palming characteristics to allow the refractory to be applied by hand or rammed into place. Moldable cements usually have more water and a higher degree of plasticity than rams. Moldables or plastic cements are used to patch or form precast shapes.
Patching, repair or finishing cements consist of mixtures designed for repairing crack or filling holes in refractory linings. Some patching or repair cements may be pumpable for caulking of cracks. Other patching cements have good troweling, plastering or palming characteristics to allow cracks to be applied by hand. Finishing cements are used to make a harder finishing refractory layer on the surface of an existing refractory.
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Sprayable / Pumpable
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Stock products are available as a coating, sealant or other form that can be pumped, brushed or sprayed onto a surface such as a furnace wall, mold or gas turbine blades. Surfaces may be constructed of ceramic, metal or polymer or other materials. Cement based product with a sufficiently low viscosity to allow pumping of the refractory into a joints or hot spots to make hot or cold repairs of a refractory body or component. Some castables or pumpables are useful for caulking or coating applications.
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Waterproof / Underwater Setting
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Waterproof mortars, concretes or cements are not affected by exposure to water or submersion under water.
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Specialty / Other
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Other unlisted, specialized, or proprietary material features.
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Search Logic:
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All products with ANY of the selected attributes will be returned as matches. Leaving all boxes unchecked will not limit the search criteria for this question; products with all attribute options will be returned as matches.
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