Research and development services perform original investigation to gain new knowledge (research) and/or apply research findings to create or improve products and processes (development

Instructional seminars and training includes non-credit programs; courses or seminars in engineering, science, technology, management, and other specialized subject areas; and production operation or application-specific training

Refining and recovery services include the purification and treatment of oils, fuels, metals and other materials.

Digesters are used to break samples down into their basic constituents for further analysis.

Spectral lamps radiate line spectra of various gases and metal vapors with high brightness and spectral purity.

Trade organizations and professional societies develop and provide standards, information and training to improve and/or promote an industry segment.

Mapping and surveying services perform all of the activities that involve the physical measurement of land areas, including field surveying and data collection operations as well as the creation of maps using existing or acquired data