Research and development services perform original investigation to gain new knowledge (research) and/or apply research findings to create or improve products and processes (development

Process development services can develop new processes, run process research and development (R&D) programs, perform optimization studies, improve current processing methods and provide other assistance in process development activities

Metallurgical microscopes are used for metallurgical inspection including metals, ceramics, and other materials.

Biotech and pharmaceutical manufacturing services manufacture active pharmaceutical ingredients, sterilize biomedical components or materials, validate processes or packaging, and formulate drug or medicinal preparations on a contract basis.

Engineering consulting firms provide engineering services and expertise to companies in need of a specialized skill-set.

Measuring microscopes are used by toolmakers for measuring the properties of tools.

Biotechnology products and services are used in research and development and include products such as tissue cultures, prepared media, biosensor arrays and reagents