Scalar network analyzers measure the amplitude portion of scattering or S-parameters, reflection and transmission coefficients between the incident and reflection waves that describe a device’s behavior under linear conditions at the microwave frequency range

Backplane testers evaluate and record the integrity of printed circuit boards (PCBs) and passive component electronics such as resistors, capacitors, and diodes

Cable testers are handheld or benchtop electronic devices that measure the electrical and physical properties of network cabling.

Wire harness testers evaluate continuity, resistance, isolation, and other performance factors for multi-strand wire harnesses.

Logic analyzers are used to characterize and debug hardware, design and test firmware and software, and perform synthesis integration

Spectrum analyzers and signal analyzers display raw, unprocessed signal information such as voltage, power, period, wave shape, sidebands, and frequency.

Circuit breakers are mechanical switching devices capable of breaking currents under specified abnormal circuit conditions