Projection lamps use a built-in reflector to concentrate light in a specific direction. They are used in applications such as overhead projection, semiconductor assembly, medical/scientific instrumentation, and airport runways. They are also used to display movies, microfilm, and slides. Specifications for projection lamps include maximum overall length, light center length, rated average life, lamp power, mean lumens, and color temperature. Typically, maximum overall length is expressed in inches (in). Light center length is the distance between the center of the filament and a reference plane. Lamp labeling rules from the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) define light output in lumens (lm), a standard unit of measure for the luminous flux or quality of light. Rated average life is the number of burning hours for median life expectancy. Lamp power is the wattage (W) of the lamp. Color temperature measures the visual “warmth” or “coolness” of the light from incandescent lamps. Higher values are associated with lights that are whiter in appearance.

