Industrial cooling systems and equipment includes air-to-air, liquid-to-air, and liquid-to-liquid heat exchangers; ducts and/or pipes; and other devices for removing heat from a system that contains a heat source. Examples of heat-generating systems include power plants, automobile engines, industrial buildings, and commercial facilities. Heat exchangers transfer heat energy from one fluid or gas to another fluid or gas without mixing the two. Automotive radiators are liquid-to-air cooling systems that transfer heat from the engine’s water to the surrounding air. Air-to-air cooling systems are used to provide ventilation for industrial buildings and commercial facilities. Liquid-to-liquid cooling systems are also available. These industrial cooling systems and equipment transfer heat contained in one liquid to another liquid. They have one or two barriers between the heat-transfer fluid and the other liquid. Single-wall industrial cooling systems and equipment consists of pipes or tubes that are surrounded by a fluid, usually water. Double-wall products are used when the heat-transfer fluid is toxic.
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