Posts, spacers and standoffs are threaded components used in applications where boards, plates, or other items need to be fastened to each other. Posts, spacers and standoffs are often used in the assembly of printed circuit boards (PCB), and sometimes sold in kits. Selecting posts, spacers and standoffs requires an analysis of application requirements and performance specifications. Materials can be conductive or non-conductive, and able to withstand varying degrees of heat, humidity and vibration. Male standoffs, female standoffs, and swage spacers are commonly available.