Precision shafting provides the highest degree of accuracy, concentricity, straightness, and surface perfection attainable in commercial practice. Products are made of alloy steel, carbon steel, or stainless steel, and then case-hardened, through-hardened, or annealed. Alloy steels are ferrous alloys based on iron, carbon and high to low levels of alloying elements such as chromium, molybdenum, vanadium and nickel. Alloy steels have better hardenability properties than carbon steels. They also offer superior durability. Stainless steels are corrosion-resistant, ferrous alloys that contain chromium or nickel additions. Precision shafting that is case-hardened is hard at the surface, but relatively soft at the core. Products that are through-hardened have the same hardness throughout the shaft. Unhardened or annealed precision shafting is also available.