Preload springs, spacers and washers are used to provide end-play take up or a constant preload for bearings, gears and other mechanical components and assemblies. They are made of convoluted ductile, high-strength metal alloys and are available in machined, welded and open-ring configurations. There are several basic types of products. Belleville washers are rounded, compact springs pressed into a dish-like shape, then hardened and tempered. Bowed, curved, or bent-spring washers are designed for axial play take up. Conical force spacers, adjustable spacers and load rings are used as replacements for shims or wave springs in assemblies that require highly accurate bearing settings, including preload. Finger washers use resilient fingers on the outer periphery to assure balanced pressure while directing pressure away from the inner diameter. Wave washers or wave springs are wavy metal washers that are designed to provide a compensating spring force, absorb shock, and sustain a load. Other types of preload springs, spacers and washers are also available.