Biosensors, microarrays, biochips and lab-on-chip (LOC) products are microscale devices for biological, biochemical and chemical assays. They consist of microfluidic channels and a biodetector or microsensor arrays. There are many different types of biosensors and microarrays. Choices include biohazard detectors, environmental detectors, hazardous material detectors, chemical warfare agent (CWA) detectors, and biological warfare agent (BWA) detectors. Biohazard, environmental, and hazardous material (HAZMAT) sensors are used in various commercial, industrial and regulatory applications. In the United States, CWA sensors and BWA sensors are used by the Department of Defense (DoD), the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), and other federal, state and local agencies. Specialized biosensors, microarrays, biochips and LOCs are also available.