Material testing services test, analyze, and certify a wide range of materials for purity, chemical compatibility, and environmental impact. Tested products include adhesives and sealants, ceramics and glass, concrete and mortar, chemicals and coatings, composite materials, fuel cells, metals, nanomaterials, paper, petroleum, plastic, polymers, powders, rubber, soil, textiles, water, welds and joints. Test media and services are the most important specifications to consider when searching for providers of material testing services. Available services include ash testing, chemical extraction, chromatography, combustion, deformulation or reverse engineering, diffraction, environmental testing, failure analysis, geotechnical services, plastic emission spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, microscopy, metallography, non-destructive testing, property testing, rheology, scanning electron microscopy, standards testing or certification, thermal analysis, wet chemical analysis, and X-ray fluorescence. Some material testing services test materials used in aerospace, automotive, marine, medical, military, pharmaceutical, or packaging applications. Other test chemicals are used in electronic devices, semiconductors, or integrated circuits (ICs).